Media Stereotyping of Men Essay - 2716 Words

Males are stereotyped in movies, books, magazines, television, almost any type or medium with a male figure exhibit some type of male stereotyping. The most common male stereotypes in the media are often very well known and referred to as normal traits that men are suppose to posses, and these male traits are the following: man are naturally stronger than the opposite sex, men are the family providers, bread-winners , men are tough, adventurous, brave, protectors, and most importantly a men must be able to shoot guns, jump off cliffs, ride motorcycles, and must be able to save the damsel in distress. While I have some idea of how men are stereotyped, my main focus here will be on how men are stereotyped within the media. After reading†¦show more content†¦As I sat staring at the computer screen I began to think about stereotypes and how the only stereotype I know of are from the American point of view and how other cultures can perceive their male figures in a different light and once again the light bulb in my head went off. â€Å"I’ll search male stereotype in different cultures, that should be easier to find information on,† I told myself, boy was I wrong. Once again the search brought me to another dead end, and once again I had to change my topic, which began to frustrate me, and I began to think the professor assigned this paper simply to watch her students pull their own hair out. A few days went by and I was still sitting around scratching my head frantically searching for a useful topic, so I decided to run another search for stereotype on www.yahoo.com. While the computer ran it search, I sat and waited anxiously for the results, and once again the same websites appeared. Giving the search one more try I went to www.wikipedia.org and searched for stereotype, skimming through the page I found more useful information on this one page then I did on all the other web pages I viewed from my other searches combined. As I continued to read through the information on the wikipedia site, I came across a section titled, â€Å"Stereotypes within Groups,† whichShow MoreRelatedEssay about Media Stereotyping of Men and Women770 Words   |  4 Pages After watching television and flipping though ads and articles in several magazines, the stereotyping of men and women is so apparent but at the same time society is so blind to it. In society parents teach their children gender roles at a very early age. Gender roles refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex learned through the socialization process. Males are traditionally expected to show aggressiveness and toughness, and femalesRead More Media Stereotyping of Men and Women Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout society, men and women have been expected to live by guidelines consisting of media generated ideas and ways of living out life. Both men and women’s thinking process are being altered the negative effects of society’s mass media. For both sexes, this repeating negative exposure causes a constant downfall in self-image and creates media influenced decisions that lead to unhealthy lifestyles. The media effects the thinking process of both men and women in negative ways therefore media needs to beRead MoreGender Labeling And Gender Stereotypes1551 Words   |  7 Pagessociety to view them also. Stereotyping is prevalent in popular television shows, music videos, the workforce and various other advertisement billboards in the U.S. It is difficult to oppose the stereotypical behavior that is displayed in the media that supposedly mirrors the actual behaviors of the different genders due to the overflowing, constant reminder of what each gender looks like and how each should act. The article entitled, â€Å"Gendered Media: The Influence of Media on Views of Gender† is aboutRead MoreStereotyping Is Inevitable, By James Baldwin1717 Words   |  7 PagesStereotyping is inevitable, we all do it ad we all experience it, but this does not mean it does not effect us. Stereotypes are all around us. They effect the way we think about ourselves and the way we think about the people around us. Stereotyping leads us to act certain ways and treat people certain ways. At times it can be beneficial to a certain group, but may bring many disadvantages to others. Many times stereotypes limit us and restricting our success in life. In â€Å"A Letter to My Nephew,†Read MoreNegative Influence on Women in the Media Melanic R. Salomes Article853 Words   |  3 Pagesby Melanic R. Salome , is about the women’s misrepresentation of in media . Salome considers media as an important tool that affects American women in a negative way. Media has become of param ount interest in our lives, despite the fact that its negative influences on us are increasing at a rapid pace. Media promotes unrealistic and unattainable images that result in depression and dissatisfaction among people. Therefore, media reflects the image of society and the way people think about themselvesRead MoreMedia Stereotypes’ Effect on Women in the Workplace Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayed by the media. A stereotype is an oversimplified conception that you put on someone because of the way they look, what gender they are, or countless other categories that we put people in. Many people fail to realize how the media influences the way they think about people of a different nationality, race, religion, or gender. This widespread belief in stereotypes has adversely affected women in the workplace. Ann Hopkins is a prime example of the negative impact stereotyping has had in theRead MoreComparison of Turkeys in the Kitchen and You Just Walk on By Essays1640 Words   |  7 Pagestime; he uses a highly conversational style to prove this, as well as narrates to give the reader a better understanding of exactly what he’s talking about. Staples, on the other hand, uses a more authoritative tone to support his theme of racial stereotyping; he also uses the mode of rhetoric exemplification to his benefit, and is able to show the audience that this issue is just as important as the gender stereotypes that take place in our society still today. Barry believes that despite the factRead MoreGender Stereotyping Standards For Men And Women Across America909 Words   |  4 PagesGender stereotyping sets standards for men and women across America, this being true for the past few hundred years. It is not secret that women are said to be most useful in the kitchen, and that men are t o be found somewhere doing hard work, being the bread winner. Also, in the way we allow our young children to be identified; blue means it’s a boy, pink means it’s a girl. As times change, so does society and its mentality as a whole. Some stereotypes have been more difficult to break than othersRead MoreWomen s Media And Gender Roles1492 Words   |  6 Pagesin society through the media. Mass media are a reflection of society informed by particular power and values (Stirinati, 2006). Although the representation of women is not a copy of reality, mass media act as image and message,’ should be’ a reflection or representation of society (Hollows, 2000). This contributes to condemn gender role in the media and in real society, which leads women to be annihilated and limited in the media. In 1978, Gaye Tuchman called women’s in media situation ‘symbolic annihilation’Read MoreHow Would You Like It If You Were Continuously Told What1472 Wo rds   |  6 Pageswould you like it if you were earning 20% less than men for the exact same job? Good morning Ms Lewis and students, today I’ll be talking to you about how there are numerous causes for the countless components that are accountable for the upsurge of gender stereotyping in today’s society. Some of these issues are things like advertising based around kids and adults and the pay gap between genders. These two influences that generate gender stereotyping which in this case is absurd. In fact, its highly

The Integration Of Psychology And Theology - 2051 Words

The integration of psychology and theology is so intertwined that it has caused ill-well between the two disciplines. The over-arching concern for a counselor is to understand the why of a person disorder. In trying to understand the why, there are issues concerning the mind of the person, the thought process, their body, their soul, their temporal and the supernatural systems that can be manipulated if they are not living with a healthy lifestyle. So what a counselor is trying to discover is the physical function of individuals as well as trying to uncover the spiritual components of their lives, which can be worked through within the intake process, however it does not need to be left out during the counseling process. This is best said in the words of McMinn (1996) who declares â€Å"the best interdisciplinary integration work usually comes from those who have formal or informal preparation in both psychology and theology† (p. 9). Scripture states in, II Chronicles 1:1 0, says â€Å"give me wisdom and knowledge, that I may lead this people, for who is able to govern this great people of yours† (New International Version)? This research article will endeavor to search through varies theories to aid counselors in the integration process of psychology and theology. Because the ultimate goal for any counselor especially the Christian counselor is to be used as an instrument for God to bring about healthy living, corrective thoughts, and eradicate persistent sins. PersonalityShow MoreRelatedIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1495 Words   |  6 PagesApproaches to Psychology and Christianity, An Introduction to Worldview Issues, Philosophical Foundations and Models of Integration† is a book written by David N. Entwistle that offers insight and awareness to the relationship between psychology and theology. Psychology and theology share a common interest in the nature and purpose of human beings. This book introduces worldview issues and a philosophical source that provides a framework of the relationship between the science of psychology and ChristianityRead MoreIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1529 Words   |  7 PagesIn his book, â€Å"Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity,† David Entwistle (2010) provides a persuasive discourse for the assimilation of psychology and theology; secular and religious disciplines that present a â€Å"multifaceted dialogue shaped by historical interactions and tensions.† (p. 51) Of the two systems, psychology is by much of the Church thought to advocate reason over revelation whereas theology is, by more secular-leaning scholars, thought to be wanting of intellect. With TertullianRead MoreChristian Theology And Psychology Is Necessary859 Words   |  4 Pagesin which integration becomes beneficial, as opposed to detrimental. Theology, or more specifically Christianity, and the field of psychology are central ideologies that often call into question the need for unification. The intermingling of the two for certain people is logical; whereas, others view them as absolutely distinct with no benefit of integrating. Either standpoint offers valid claims with both being worthy of examination. The idea of whether or not integrating Christian theology with psychologyRead MoreIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1331 Words   |  6 PagesApproaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary Even though some people walk the same path they may see different things. Some may see things in the theological way with God’s presence everywhere they look and everything they do. Some may see it in a psychological way, always looking for the explanation of why something is the way it is. Together, theology and psychology can bring a different view and perspective that they never would have saw by themselves. Many people find that theology and psychologyRead MoreEssay about 4-Mat Review Entwistle1220 Words   |  5 PagesReview of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Shelby Peters Liberty University 4-MAT Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary In his book Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, David N. Entwistle explores the necessity of integrating psychology and Christianity, the worldview issues, philosophical foundations, models of integration and discusses the difficulty in doingRead MoreDr. Entwistle s Psychology And Christianity With The Intent Of Using The Text For Undergraduate1255 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrativeApproaches to Psychology and Christianity with the intent of using the text for undergraduate coursework for students studying a wide variety of psychological forms. These forms of study include counseling and teaching as well as on the Graduate level for students studying Theology. The text begins with diverse worldviews intertwining Psychology and Christianity throughout various societies and each with its own deep rooted perspectives. Each culture has its own worldview regarding Psychology and ChristianityRead MorePsychology And Christianity : Integrative Approaches Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesIntegrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Stacy H. McConville Liberty University Online A 4MAT Review of Entwistle’s Text: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary David N. Entwistle in his book titled Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity: An Introduction to Worldview Issues, Philosophical Foundations, and Models of Integration (2015) aims to address theRead MoreReview of Integrative Approach to Psychology and Christianity by David Entwistle994 Words   |  4 PagesApproaches to Psychology and Christianity: an introduction to worldview issues, philosophical foundations and models of integration, by David N. Entwistle. As the title states, this book discusses how to integrate psychology and theology. It also dives into to why it is so important to be able to integrate the two. Entwistle explains that just because the two are different does not mean they should be separated and that we have to use both our worldviews. â€Å"Weaving together perspectives from psychology andRead More4 Mat Review Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pages4 MAT Review Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Liberty University Jacqueline Langford 4-MAT Review: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Abstract The integration of psychology and theology has become a hot topic since psychology began to integrate into a new part of society. Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity argue ways that one can embrace psychology into the Christian world. The church has always been a dominant part of society. AsRead MoreA Case For Integration And The Existence Of God1152 Words   |  5 PagesA Case for Integration Not all patterns of natural behavior are healthy and although psychology reaches for an understanding of human behavior it does not immediately classify behaviors as good or evil. Subsequently a need for comprehension of theology assumes itself. Recognition of human depravity allows for the inclusion of moral interpretation in psychology. Through Integration, psychology possesses a theological counterpart that confronts the depravity of humans, which in turn, allows for a

Free Market vs Planned Economy Free Essays

A market economy is an economic system where the factors of production, are privately owned, consumers and producers are motivated by self interest, the level of competition in the markets is very high and resources are allocated through the price mechanism. The definition is supported by Lipsey (1992) who also state that decisions about resources allocation are made without any central direction but instead as a result of innumerable independent decision taken by individual producers consumers hence in the market economy the individuals or market makes the ultimate decision in allocation of resources. Whereas the planned economy is one in which the coordination of economic activity so essential to the viability and functioning of a complex social economy is undertaken through administrative means commands, directives, targets and regulations rather than by market mechanism. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Market vs Planned Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dictionary. com defined this economic system as a socialist economic system in which production and distribution of goods and services are controlled by the government and industry is mostly publicly owned. Provision of public goods These are goods that are non rivalry in consumption and non excludability as alluded by Stanlake (2000) He also added the examples of public goods which includes national defences, the police service, flood control schemes, street lighting, pavements and public drainage hence they often have large external benefits relative to private benefits. In a market economy, production of public goods will not be provided or is limited because producers cannot withhold the goods for non –payment since there is no way of measuring how much a person consumes, there is no basis for establishing a market price. However in a planned economy there is provision of such goods because the government makes all decisions on what is produced. Hall (2010) mentioned that public goods cannot be provided privately because of their non diminishability and non –excludability that is consumers take a free ride since no one can be excluded from consuming them so it is almost impossible for a private firm to get anyone to pay for a public good. In a planned economy the state can finance the provision of public goods like defence and police service, by means of taxation and sometimes borrowing, local authorities provide street lighting and flood control can be provided by giving contracts to private sector firms. Production and consumption of merit and demerit goods According to Lipsey (1992), merit goods are those goods that the government compels or encourages people to consume, mainly because individuals are said to be unaware of the true benefits from consuming them. He also added that demerits goods are those goods which the state forbids people to consume mainly because individual are said to be unaware of the true harm they would suffer by consuming them. The best known examples of merit goods are health, education systems, insurance, inoculation and seat belts. The provision of merit goods in a free market economy tent to be under provided because spending on merit goods by the consumer would be determined by the private benefits derived from them. Like in United State of America where the free market is practised, the public health system compromised, people are advised to buy health insurance. The poor might not be able to afford this and some people might simply decide not to bother if they feel particularly health. In cases of seat belts consumers may fail to recognise their true private benefits hence less demand and less supply in a free economy. The demerit goods include cigarettes, alcohol and illegal drugs. These are over consumed in a market system because consumers may be unaware of the true cost of consuming them which includes negative externalities. As highlighted by Hall (2010) a planned economy there is an increase in the production and consumption of merit goods because the government considers them to be highly desirable for the welfare of the citizens. In this economic system the government has central authority to make decisions on the commodities to be produced hence emphasis will be placed on the production of merit goods and consumption of demerits will be reduced. The state can increase the production of merit goods by providing free state education and national health services. Contracts for services like refuse collection can be given to private sector firms. The government can also encourage the consumption of merit goods by providing information about the benefits of inoculation and passing legislation requiring vehicles to take and pass the vehicle inspection tests. In the command economy production and consumption of demerit goods is reduced with the purpose of reducing health problems for the economy. The government achieve this by taxing cigarettes and alcohol heavily and ban all dangerous drugs to prevent consumption. As well as roviding information about their harmful effects to the consumers. Consumer sovereignty Lipsey (1992:84) state that â€Å"market allocation are sometimes said to demonstrate consumer sovereignty that is to imply that the consumer is king and decides what shall be produced† This was supported by Stanlake (2000)who stipulates that the freedom of consumer choice is usually held to be the most important in the free econom y. It can be deduced that the consumer has the control, only the products that the consumer wants are produced. The more competitive the market structure, the more power the consumer will have. There is a higher level of consumer sovereignty in market economy than in planned economies. The government estimates the type of products it considers the individuals to want whilst in market economies producers are motivate by profit thus they have the incentives to respond quickly to change in consumer preferences. In a free market economy consumers benefit from lower cost goods and better services because business are forced to compete whilst in a planned economy there is no competition since the government is the only supplier. Equity in income distribution Equity is regarded as fairness. The market economy provides opportunities for people to earn income and acquire wealth but the opportunities for earning an income are no equally distribute. People do not have equal opportunities in education. Some are also limited in their capacity to learn or they may have acquired a skill only to find the demand for that skill is declining. If one starts a life with very little, and do not even get a good education, and then there will be very little protection from destitution. This discrimination in the free market economies distorts earnings and can result in people from minority groups and disabled earning less for the same work as able bodied. The market system does not guarantee that everyone will have the same opportunity to accumulate wealth and hence an inequality. It is argued that the planned economy can lead to more equal distribution of income and wealthy since the production factors are controlled by the state. A command economy mighty not have the efficiency and enterprise for the successful of many people but at least the government will try to make sure that nobody falls through the safety net. REFERENCES LIST Beardshaw,J. et. al (1998) Economics a student`s guide,5th Edition, Prentice Hall. Dictionary.com unabridged. Available at http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/market economy (accessed 3July 2013) Hall, R. and Lebierman,M.(2010)Microeconomic principle and application,5th Edition,Cengage learning Lipsey, R. and Harbury, C.(1992)Principals of economics,2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford university press. Lipsey, R. and Chrystal, A.(1995)An introduction to positive economics ,8TH edition, London: Oxford university press. Stanlake, G. and Grant, S.(2000)Introductory economics, 7th Edition,London:Longman. How to cite Free Market vs Planned Economy, Papers

Research Proposal Business Research Method

Question: Analyze the important role played by the observational data in the qualitative research work. Answer: Introduction Data is an important part in a research process. Data that is used in a research process can be classified with respect to different aspects. One of the important aspects is the nature of situation from which the data are collected. In this aspect, data is classified into two categories. These are Experimental data and observational data. Moreover, the determination of the research method is another important activity before the beginning of any research work. Two frequently used research method are qualitative and quantitative research method. Among these two, the former method is used to make research on social science topic. In this context, it is important to note that, in the qualitative research method, the observational data is used generally. In this particular research work, the main objective is to the role that is played by the observational data in a qualitative research method (Sujarwo and Caneva, 2015). In this context, it is important to note that, the data collection and analysis process in a particular research work depends on which type of data is used in the research. In this particular research work, another aim is to evaluate the key characteristics of the collection as well as analysis process when the qualitative data is used as the main resources of the research work. Overview of the study The present research paper aims to analyze the important role played by the observational data in the qualitative research work. In this context, it is important to point out that, in a research work, different types of data are used such as experimental data, observational data. However, which types of data will be applied in a particular research work depends mainly on the research requirement. Moreover, it is also important to note that, the collection process and the analysis process of observational data is somewhat different from those of the experimental data. This difference makes the investigator of this particular research process interested about the key characteristics of the data collection and the analysis process of observational data. The researcher needs two types of data at the time of conducting a research process such as primary data and secondary data. Therefore, the data collection technique can be classified again into two divisions. These are primary data coll ection method and the secondary data collection method. Like the data collection method, there are a number of data analysis methods that are used in a research work. The two most frequently used methods are qualitative and quantitative research. Which type of research method will be used in a particular research process depends purely on the research objectives (Caobelli et al. 2015). The qualitative research method is adopted when the researcher is interested to know about the some real phenomenon and the reason behind the emergence of that phenomenon. This implies that, when the researcher is interested to gain knowledge on some real fact, mainly social fact, that the qualitative research method will be used. This indicates that, in this type of method all the data collected from the natural environment. In this context, it is important to note that, in qualitative research method, both numerical variable and attributes can be used as based on the research requirement. This implies that, in the qualitative research method, both qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis technique are used. Now, which types of data analysis method will be used in a particular research work depends on the nature of variable that are required to conduct the research process properly. Moreover, different kinds of data sampling procedure are used frequently in the quali tative research method. Since all the data that are used in this research method are taken from the real environment, therefore both types of sampling procedure are use such as probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling method. Now which types of sampling procedure will be employed in a particular research process, depends mostly on the current situation (Shi et al. 2015). The quantitative part, as well as the qualitative part of the data collection system mainly, includes holding different kinds interview sessions with the participants. All the collected data are critically analyzed in order to conclude the investigation process with useful data and findings (Delgado-Gonzlez, 2015). This part of the research paper support different kinds theories and models in the application of the research paper. There are several advantages and disadvantages of developing a proper literature review of the selected topic. With the help of an appropriate literature review, the investigator will be able to support the entire research work with adequate information and data. There are several parts which are highlighted in this part of the study (Hartas, 2015). Hence, the literature review part is considered as most crucial part of the entire research procedure. There is several sections of data analysis system, which the majority of the investigator adopts in the operations of the research work. In this particular investigation process, the study has used both primary modes of data collection technique and on the other hand, secondary mode of data collection techniques. The primary mode of data collection techniques is divided into parts. One is the quantitative, part and other one is the qualitative part. Both the quantitative part as well as the qualitative part is important for different kinds of investigation procedure. The quantitative part of the data analysis process based on organizing different types of interview session with various people based on the requirements of the research paper. This is one of the most important parts of the entire investigation procedure. The majority of the data are collected with the help of the quantitative data analysis. It is one of the most important parts of the entire data collection procedure. The objectives of the primary mode of data collection are to critically analyze the implementation of all the collected data (Teo, 2015). The sample pace of data collection is determined by the requirements of the research work. The quantitative mode of data collection helps the researcher to analyze the entire inv estigation procedure with appropriate data and findings. The secondary mode of data collection is explained with the help of different kinds of secondary information. Secondary mode of data collection helps the investigator to consult with various official websites, books, journals and magazines. The objective of the secondary mode of data collection is to critically analyze the data, which are already published (Menendez-Baceta, 2015). The purpose of the study is to examine the fundamental characteristic of the observational data in the qualitative data analysis procedure. Census, existing sources, survey sampling and designed experiments are the necessary forms of quantitative data analysis procedure. The investigator who organizes the entire data analysis system will formulate the investigation procedure based on the requirements of the research work. Depending upon the demands of the survey method the investigator decides to construct the entire inquiry system. Data are one of the most crucial parts of the whole investigation procedure. Both the primary data as well as well as the secondary data plays an important aspect in the entire inquiry process. In this particular study, the objectives of the quantitative data are analyzed correctly. The application of the quantitative data needs to be analyzed properly in order to avoid different kinds misunderstands. Sometimes it becomes one of the most difficult jobs for the investigator in order to complete the investigation procedure on time. It is one of the most difficult jobs for the investigator in order to complete the entire inquiry process. In order to collect proper quantitative data the investigator in the study faces different kinds of barriers and challenges to gather complete and appropriate data in the study. Quantitative mode of data collection is another important part of the entire data analysis procedure. Based on the findings of the quantitative method of the data collection the qualitative mode of data collection is analyzed correctly. Both quantitative part as well as well as the qualitative part are the two significant part of the data analysis procedure. In the process of entire data analysis system mainly the quantitative part as well as a qualitative part, data sampling procedure is equally importan. Determination of the source and the role of data collection method in the business are very much crucial in the organization (Kim et al., 2015). There are different points, which are highlighted in the entire study of the qualitative data. The importance of qualitative data in the industry, business intelligence, and business impact are the key factors that are emphasized in the operations of this particular research. In a research work, observational data is used when the researcher wants to collect data based on what is happen related to the research topic and make conclusion only based on that received data. Qualitative research is an exploratory research in which the researcher wants to gain some understanding of what has happened actually in the research topic. This indicates that observational data is very useful for carrying out a qualitative research work. However, sometimes it can be seen that, at the date of making qualitative research, the observational data does not help the research to get a proper understanding of the research topic (Coddington, 2015). The effectiveness of the observational data in a qualitative research depends on the particular research subject. In this research work, the primary objective is to make a critical evaluation of the role of the observational data in different qualitative research work. In this context, it is important to note that, if a researcher used observational data, then it has employed a different technique to process data than the researcher does in the case of experimental data. For this reason, in this particular research topic, it will be also analyzed what are the fundamental characteristics of the processes of data collection and analysis when the observational data are used as the primary resources. At the time of research work, the investigator chooses the qualitative research method when it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the research topic. Sometimes the investigator needs to find out the reason behind the occurrence of some events of the phenomenon. In this case, the investigator does not need to require conducting an experiment. Rather, the analyst needs to gather the actual data either from the primary sources or the secondary sources and make an analysis of the accumulated data to reach the reason behind the occurrence of the real phenomenon (Ono et al. 2015). This implies that, in qualitative research, the researcher should make all the analysis based on the actual data, not on the manipulated data. In this sense, the observational data plays a significant role in the qualitative research work. In this context, it is important to note that, qualitative research work is mainly done in the studies of psychologist, anthropology, sociology. In these subject s, in this not possible for the researcher to make an experiment and gather required data for the completion of the research work. More precisely, in the qualitative research work, the investigator needs investigating the behaviors of the human participants without distorting the actual environment. Otherwise, the result of the research work will be wrong. In this case, observational data is very useful for obtaining the information. It has been observed that experimental data does not help the investigators to gather non-manipulated data and makes an accurate conclusion. Another fact in this context is important to point out that the use of observational study reduces the probability of occurrence of distortion between the observer and what is observed that can be produced by an experiment. The use of observational data in the research work provides the researcher the opportunity to make the entire analysis and conclusion based on the characteristic data. Hence, from the above anal ysis, it can be told that the use of observational data is very necessary for conducting a qualitative research work correctly. Otherwise, the entire research process and the conclusion may be biased. The essential characteristics of the process through which the observational data are collected and analyzed will be discussed in this section. The first component of the data collection process is it is a systematic process. The reason is it is not possible to gather data haphazardly. The investigator has to pre-determine the length of the observation, the time interval between two observations, the total number of observation, the tools, and techniques to collect the data accurately. The second feature of the data collection process is this process is particular. This indicates that, at the time of observational data collection process, the investigator does not collect all the aspects of the human behavior. Then that will be additional data collection. The researcher, instead of this, first determines the actual situation and then determines which particular aspects of the human behavior need to collect. This implies that, at the time of observational data collection, the investig ator collects data on specific issues. Another important characteristic of observational data collection process, the observation, is objective and free from any bias. At the time of data collection, the researcher has the clear view of the research objectives (Cressie, 2015). For this reason, the collected observation is accurate. Moreover, the all the data are collected without distorting the actual environment. This keeps the received data unbiased. However, in this context, it is important to note that, since all the data are collected from the actual environment; it may happen that the collected data may be different from the expectation of the investigators. The fourth feature of the data collection process is all the collected data will be analyzed both numerically and qualitatively based on the actual nature of the collected data. The social phenomenon often is qualitative, but to complete the research process, the researcher may collect both the numerical or qualitative dat a as per the specific requirement of the particular research process. The fifth characteristic of the data collection process is the collected observational data is easily verified. Since the observational data are collected from the natural environment, therefore they should be tested first before applying for the analysis purpose (McNeil, 2015). In this context, it is important to note that, the observational data can be checked and verified directly if it is collected from the primary source. On the other hand, it can be confirmed even if it is obtained from the secondary resources using different statistical processes such as reliability, validity, and usability. Observation is a disciplined and systematic data collection method. In this process, researchers use all of their senses to detect humans in their respective natural settings or situations that occur naturally. Observation of a particular field environment involves the following. Engagement for a prolonged period in a p articular environment or a social situation. Clearly expressed and conscious notations of how observing are done. Tactical and structured can be with the improvisation with the objective of developing a correct understanding of the delightful setting. Imparting standardized attention. Recording of a persons observation. Now Reasons for using observational data in research are highlighted (Edwards and Haas, 2016). When the type of research question that is to be answered is highlighted on answering how or what type question. When little information is known to justify the peoples behavior in a particular setting and the topic is also relatively unexplored. When understanding in a detailed way, the meaning of an environment is necessary. When studying, a phenomenon is important in its natural environment. When self-report data is probably to be dissimilar from actual behavior. When implementation of an intervention in a natural setting, observation may be used in association with othe r data collection techniques. Observational data can assist researchers to analyze the validity of an intervention across the settings. Now characteristics of the processes of data collection and analysis when using observation as the main data source is discussed. Various observation methods are helpful to researchers in different ways. They provide researchers with ways to detect for expression of feelings that are non verbal, determine who interacts with whom, grasp how communication takes place between each other, and identify the amount of time spent on various activities (Silverman, 2013). Participant observation helps researchers to examine definitions of certain terms are used in interviews with members, consider events that informants may be disagreeing to share , particularly when doing so would lack sensitivity, and view situations informants have described in interviews, thereby making them known to the distortions or incorectness in description provided by those sources. DeWALT and DeWALT opined that "the goal for design of research using participant observation as a method is to develop a holistic understanding of the phenomena under study that is as objective and accurate as possible given the limitations of the method". They suggest that participant observation should be used as a way to increment the viability of the study, as comments can make the researcher have a better knowledge of the context and phenomenon under study (Lewin, 2016). Validity is stronger with the use extra strategies used with consideration, such as document analysis, surveys, interviews or questionnaires, or other methods. Participant observation can be used to help answer descriptive research questions, to build theory, or to generate or test hypotheses. Therefore, these are the essential characteristics of the processes of data collection and analysis when using observation as primary data source (Thorpe and Holt, 2007). Conclusion In this research work, it has been discussed that, how observational data plays a significant role in the qualitative research study. Since, the qualitative research method has been adopted in the social science topic; therefore, the use of observational data is the only way to accomplish the research properly. It helps the researcher to get a proper overview of the subject and the closely related topics. This understanding will in turn help the researcher to answer the research question and reach the objectives. Moreover, in the research study, it has been also observed that, at the time of using the observational data, the researcher should use somewhat different collection and analysis technique. The research paper is based on the role of observational data in qualitative research, and the fundamental characteristics included in the process of data collection and analysis when using as the primary data source. Reference List Hofmann, M.J. and Koelsch, P., 2016. Introduction to Quantitative Data Analysis in Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. InSoft Matter at Aqueous Interfaces(pp. 491-513). Springer International Publishing. (Accessed from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-24502-7_15#page-1) Sujarwo, W. and Caneva, G., 2015. Using quantitative indices to evaluate the cultural importance of food and nutraceutical plants: Comparative data from the Island of Bali (Indonesia).Journal of Cultural Heritage. (Accessed from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115002440) Caobelli, F., Kaiser, S.R., Thackeray, J.T., Bengel, F.M., Chieregato, M., Soffientini, A., Pizzocaro, C., Savelli, G., Guerra, U.P., Galelli, M. and Zoccarato, O., 2015. The importance of a correct positioning of the heart using IQ-SPECT system with multifocal collimators in myocardial perfusion imaging: a phantom study.Journal of Nuclear Cardiology,22(1), pp.57-65. (Assessed from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12350-014-9994-1#/page-1) Shi, L., Snchezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Guijo, A., Hartmann, M.F., Schnau, E., Esche, J., Wudy, S.A. and Remer, T., 2015. Higher glucocorticoid secretion in the physiological range is associated with lower bone strength at the proximal radius in healthy children: importance of protein intake adjustment.Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,30(2), pp.240-248. (Assessed from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbmr.2347/abstract) Delgado-Gonzlez, J.C., Mansilla-Legorburo, F., Florensa-Vila, J., Insausti, A.M., Viuela, A., Tun-Alvarez, T., Cruz, M., Mohedano-Moriano, A., Insausti, R. and Artacho-Prula, E., 2015. Quantitative Measurements in the Human Hippocampus and Related Areas: Correspondence between Ex-Vivo MRI and Histological Preparations.PloS one,10(6), p.e0130314. (Assessed from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0130314) Hartas, D. ed., 2015.Educational research and inquiry: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Bloomsbury Publishing. (Assessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=7LhSBgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR5 dq=Hartas,+D.+ed.,+2015.+Educational+research+and+inquiry:+Qualitative+and+quantitative+approaches.+Bloomsbury+Publishing.ots=YsiM24wKalsig=i7TqzsPAbFTuLcW9h3WYwN6e704#v=onepageqf=false ) Teo, G., Kim, S., Tsou, C.C., Collins, B., Gingras, A.C., Nesvizhskii, A.I. and Choi, H., 2015. mapDIA: Preprocessing and statistical analysis of quantitative proteomics data from data independent acquisition mass spectrometry.Journal of proteomics,129, pp.108-120. (Assessed from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874391915301305 ) Menendez-Baceta, G., Aceituno-Mata, L., Reyes-Garca, V., Tardo, J., Salpeteur, M. and Pardo-de-Santayana, M., 2015. The importance of cultural factors in the distribution of medicinal plant knowledge: A case study in four Basque regions.Journal of ethnopharmacology,161, pp.116-127. (Assessed from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09500693.2015.1096427#.VpTVWvl97IU) Coddington, M., 2015. Clarifying Journalisms Quantitative Turn: A typology for evaluating data journalism, computational journalism, and computer-assisted reporting.Digital Journalism,3(3), pp.331-348. (Assessed from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2014.976400#.VpTR2Pl97IU) Coddington, M., 2015. Clarifying Journalisms Quantitative Turn: A typology for evaluating data journalism, computational journalism, and computer-assisted reporting.Digital Journalism,3(3), pp.331-348. (Assessed from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2014.976400#.VpTW0vl97IU) Matthews, K.E., Adams, P. and Goos, M., 2015. The Influence of Undergraduate Science Curriculum Reform on Students Perceptions of their Quantitative Skills.International Journal of Science Education,37(16), pp.2619-2636. (Assessed from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09500693.2015.1096427#.VpTVWvl97IU) Ono, K., Licandeo, R., Muradian, M.L., Cunningham, C.J., Anderson, S.C., Hurtado-Ferro, F., Johnson, K.F., McGilliard, C.R., Monnahan, C.C., Szuwalski, C.S. and Valero, J.L., 2015. The importance of length and age composition data in statistical age-structured models for marine species.ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil,72(1), pp.31-43. (Assessed from: https://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/72/1/31.short) Hailey, W.A., Ryan Jr, E.J. and Cooke, J.P., 2015. Barriers to the Use of Quantitative Techniques in Marketing Decision Making. InProceedings of the 1983 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 506-509). Springer International Publishing. (Assessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=sFsICgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR12 dq=Hailey,+W.A.,+Ryan+Jr,+E.J.+and+Cooke,+J.P.,+2015.+Barriers+to+the+Use+of+Quantitative+Techniques +in+Marketing+Decision+Making.+In+Proceedings+of+the+1983+Academy+of+Marketing+Science (AMS)+Annual+Conference+(pp.+506-509).+Springer+International+Publishingots=DQrws6s81zsig=A1PFRE8SWGrN0s84mtk-xVQu59M#v=onepageqf=false) Cressie, N., 2015.Statistics for spatial data. John Wiley Sons. (Assessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=MzN_BwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Cressie,+N.,+2015.+Statistics+for+spatial+data.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.ots=NK_hz1Y17Qsig=siCmywjOrqJ2-ie5_SpP5LaNe8c#v=onepageqf=false) Parekh, R., Armaanzas, R. and Ascoli, G.A., 2015. The importance of metadata to assess information content in digital reconstructions of neuronal morphology.Cell and tissue research,360(1), pp.121-127. (Accessed from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00441-014-2103-6) McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative Risk Management: Concepts, Techniques and Tools: Concepts, Techniques and Tools. Princeton university press. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=SfJnBgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1 dq=McNeil,+A.J.,+Frey,+R.+and+Embrechts,+P.,+2015.+Quantitative+Risk+Management:+Concepts,+Techniques+and Tools:+Concepts,+Techniques+and+Tools.+Princeton+university+press. for+evaluating+data+journalism,+computational+journalism,+and+computer-assisted+reportiots=lugKNNuoozsig=5pc ZlBPMKh21_KzV9Ba-Bg_ImPU#v=onepageqf=false) Edwards, A. and Haas, W., 2016. Multiplexed Quantitative Proteomics for High-Throughput Comprehensive Proteome Comparisons of Human Cell Lines.Proteomis in Systems Biology: Methods and Protocols, pp.1-13. (Accessed from: https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-3341-9_1#page-1) Lewin, A.A., Kim, S.G., Babb, J.S., Melsaether, A.N., McKellop, J., Moccaldi, M., Leite, A.P.K. and Moy, L., 2016. Assessment of Background Parenchymal Enhancement and Lesion Kinetics in Breast MRI of BRCA 1/2 Mutation Carriers Compared to Matched Controls Using Quantitative Kinetic Analysis.Academic Radiology. (Accessed from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1076633215005243) Ger, M., Kaupinis, A., Nemeikaite-Ceniene, A., Sarlauskas, J., Cicenas, J., Cenas, N. and Valius, M., 2016. Quantitative proteomic analysis of anticancer drug RH1 resistance in liver carcinoma.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics,1864(2), pp.219-232. (Accessed from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570963915002903) Silverman, D., 2013.Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=LySjM0tY-tECoi=fndpg=PP2dq=Silverman+David,ots=kE45qMOGv0sig=4ffkcK568KP2s1TTb2DRb9gzz5U#v=onepageq=Silverman%20David%2Cf=false) Thorpe, R. and Holt, R. eds., 2007.The Sage dictionary of qualitative management research. Sage. (Accessed from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=W9apR0bExCoCoi=fndpg=PR5dq=Thorpe+Richard+holt+Robin+ots=tcISk5p759sig=x050PHkVyCCEvJqaCOPLp8p-os8#v=onepageq=Thorpe%20Richard%20holt%20Robinf=false)

Eva Duarte De Peron - Evita Essays - Cultural Depictions Of Eva Pern

Eva Duarte De Peron - Evita Eva Duarte de Per?n Eva Duarte de Per?n, better know as Evita, was born in 1919. Evita went on to become a powerful Argentine political leader. She was the wife of Juan Per?n, whom she married in 1945; she virtually co-governed the country during his first six years as president. A minor actress before she met Per?n, Evita, became active in politics and helped organize the mass demonstration of workers that secured his release in October of 1945 from prison. After Per?n became president, she in effect ran the ministries of health and labor. She formed the Eva Per?n Social Aid Foundation, which distributed money to the needy; and she militantly championed the causes of women, labor, and the poor. A fiery orator, she commanded an enormous political following. She was, however, opposed by the army, which blocked her vice presidential offer in 1951. After her death from cancer at the age of 33, the Per?n regime declined. Evita was the backbone of her husband, without her he would have been nothing. She was even better liked among the people than her husband was. There was even a movie made starring Madonna about her and Argentina, this just goes to show how much of an impact she had on people. History Essays

Organizational Behavior Team Review and Reflection Essays

Organizational Behavior Team Review and Reflection Essays Organizational Behavior Team Review and Reflection Essay Organizational Behavior Team Review and Reflection Essay I have never studied such kind of courses before. My bachelor degree was related more to Law. First what I thought was Organizational Behavior class was something beyond me. In my point of view course was too complicated for me: everything in specific terminology and hard to understand. But after some time I was getting used to everything and even it was very interesting to do all work in group and have discussions on different situations everyone can face in an everyday life. So I completely changed my perception of this course. Our group has six members: 2 Thai students Terng and Dear, 3 Indonesian students Anthony, Antonia and Stanley and finally me – Aidar from Kazakhstan. All of us had different background and different culture, perspective and attitude. That may recognize as cross culture. Attitude and performance are the most difference, in my country, I have treated as a good audience not a good in debate or discuss, and we will keep our opinion silenced. When people are working in a team, even despite that fact that they have different cultures and the way of thinking, it leads to have the conflict sometimes between the members. But you can gain advantages from getting a good chance to learn more and get experience, learn more about people that have different culture compared to us. Moreover we will know how to adapt each team member’s opinion and try to share with our experiences. We did not form our group by our own wishes. It was done our professor Dr Shmin Liu. So we did not know each other at the very beginning. At the first meeting, we shared about our experience and our background such as where we came from, our bachelor degree and whether we had experience in any job and etc. In fact we had different knowledge and background but we tried to adapt and to know each other closer because we would have to work as a team. The main important thing was to communicate what helped our group pass the assignment successfully. In the second meeting, we brainstorm to select the organization that we have to investigate as our assignment which is directly relevant to the coursework’s objective. We think about the organization that we can have a chance to contact with at least manager of the department. We think that if we can contact with such person, we can know deeply about the organization such as how the organization work, how to separate tasks to each employees and also the problem that happen in the organization. Before we arranged meetings we asked each team members whether they were available or not. Each of our team members was responsible in their tasks. But some of us were very busy because had other reports to write, home assignments, presentations. Approximately in one period of time we had to finish with our assignments, presentations and reports. Sometimes we held long discussions and consequently had to take short breaks and find something to eat together. So the meetings were flexible and I felt enjoy with my teammates and nobody spent a lot energy. It seemed to me that we were having rest somewhere together rather than having discussion. As a group all members have to communicate well with each other. Although this syndicate is not a very good in communicate with each other, yet our syndicate able to complete the task or project well. The syndicate also showed lack of participation or contribution to the project. Ability to contribute is not high. Waiting for other members or leader to tell them what to do is not professional. Willingness to contribute without being ordered by someone creates a perfect team and good working relationship. Willingness to contribute into the project is hopefully occurred in future. The most crucial factor to improve the performance of the group and the satisfaction of its members is a good cooperation. Without a good cooperation and a good contribution from each member it is very difficult to achieve an excellent syndicate. After we held more meetings everybody in the group understood the task assignment very well and as a result each of us was doing a good job in getting the task done. Finally, as a result of our good team work, our work synergy increased to a high level because everybody worked hard for the team. Our group worked well together because everybody helped each other. First two time that we met we not to be familiar with others, our mind were not open anymore. In the meeting, we shared with ideas and thought thoroughly on every offered idea before making a decision. If there were any mistakes helped each other to correct it. We had meetings every week and we started knowing each other better. We had discussed about our work, how it’s going and going in the right way or not. Then we had a chance to ask each others. We did everything step by step. Finally everything was done on time which subsequented to reach our main goal. For performances of our group members, I satisfy with performance of every member. Everyone did their best in each task. We tried to do the best as much as we can. We knew that it had limited time to do this group assignment because we also had another subject’s report, so we had to use that limited time as affective as we can. It made me learn how to take time out. Our leader Anthony suited all characteristics of good leader. I can compare how he did his managing activities within our group at first time in the very beginning of this semester and by the end of this semester and can say without any hesitate that he upgraded well his leading abilities. In my mind all activities held in our class helped not only him but everybody in our whole group. Outward training also helped to develop our abilities: teambuilding, leading for Anthony, communicating and etc. The rest members of our team are very communicative, friendly, tolerant, patient, reliable, and very responsible. Every student in team did his best in performing all kind of works. Everyone is strong in certain kind of ability. Stanley is very smart in solving economical problems and in decision making, Terng and Dear are good in social sciences. They are very resourceful. Antonia is great in preparing presentations and putting relevant information in it. This course helped us to have cultural exchange, making reliable friends, gained good experience. All topics in our class will help us to behave in right way in many situations. We can easily face problems concerned with relations in organization, department, and emotional problems, how to treat with your boss and so on. Experience I got from doing group assignment is working in team with people with different personalities, cultures, and languages. It is good experience for me and my future performance. I would like to conclude that our team is really strong. We already know, understand abilities, moods, habits and meanings of each other, try to avoid any kind of conflicts, making accent on more cooperative way of communication. We are always ready to help each member who has some difficulties with his part, even help each other dealing with others subjects. We should go through all these things such as conflicts of interests, hot discussions, misunderstanding, and distrust in order to eventually have such level of relationships that we experienced today.

Book Report on HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE 2010 The Forecast, The Challenge Term Paper

Book Report on HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE 2010 The Forecast, The Challenge - Term Paper Example IFTF enables organizations, companies, foundations, government agencies to make better, more informed decisions about the future, and it provides the foresight to create insights that lead to action. The book is a rare collection of thoughtful, insightful and robust forecasts covering almost all the crucial components of health and healthcare. This volume has been organized into logically sequenced eighteen chapters that cover a diverse set of topics ranging from historical trends to xenotransplantation. Each chapter includes self-explanatory and informative figures, graphs and tables. Aptly inserted sidebars in each chapter add another dimension to the text by facilitating a clear understanding of the chapter. I am of the opinion that this well researched and beautifully presented and an interesting book has been able to achieve its sole objective of providing the reader with â€Å"a description of critical factors that will influence health and health care in the first decade of the 21st century.† In the opening chapters, the book informs the reader about trends like widening economical divide, expanding and changing horizons w.r.t. nature of diseases from acute to chronic, mental and lifestyle oriented ones. It highlights the transforming demographic trends those are expected to have a far reaching effect on the evolving modalities of healthcare services delivery in America. The book also analyses the aspect of insurance in the changing scenario. Ever since the invention of the monaural stethoscope, technology’s role in medicine has been gradually increasing and today technology has secured a commanding position in almost all specialties of medicine. The book has discussed nine upcoming and promising technologies (and respective key barriers) those have the potential to â€Å"address intransigent issues and improve public health, extend our life

Movie Application with Interpersonal Communication Essay

Movie Application with Interpersonal Communication - Essay Example The story takes a turn when someone shoots the store clerk to death. Police officials come to the store in order to collect evidence. The murderers’ descriptions given by the witnesses accidentally match with the appearance of Bill and Stan. The police officials arrest both friends for the court prosecution. Bill’s mother sends an attorney, Vinny, to handle Bill’s case. Vinny, who has been shown as the cousin of Bill, takes the case and becomes the lawyer of Bill and Stan. â€Å"He has no courtroom experience, and indeed no experience at all except with a few personal injury cases† (Ebert, 1992). Vinny tries to deceive the judge by saying that he is a well-experienced lawyer whereas the judge doubts his qualification and experience. With all this drama and confusion, the story continues and ends with the dismissal of all charges against Bill and Stan. Interpersonal Conflicts Concepts Having described the plot of the movie, let us now discuss some interpers onal communication concepts in relationship with some specific behaviors found in the movie. The interpersonal communication concepts, which will be included in discussion, are legitimate power, harmful conflicts, and beneficial conflicts. Legitimate power is a form of power, which a person can exercise where needed. This power can be exercised in situations where communication leads to conflicts between people and the conflict does not seem to be resolving by any other means. Use of legitimate power is a successful way to resolve any kind of conflict. Having power is an ability to achieve some objectives whereas having legitimate power is the ability to influence others using some specific laws and regulations. Legitimate power is used in such cases where interpersonal communication is not able to resolve issues successfully because of some law related complexities (Floyd, 2008). In such cases, a person with legitimate power plays his/her role by providing a better solution towards the problem based on proper laws. We can also take example from the movie selected for discussion in this regard. In the movie, Vinny used his legitimate power to fight the case of his cousin who was not involved in the murder and was taken into custody based on wrong proofs. Had Vinny not exercised his legitimate power to call the local sheriff for testifying the allegation, the judge would have made a wrong judgment regarding Bill and Stan. Therefore, we can say that use of legitimate powers is very beneficial to resolve all sorts of conflicts. Another interpersonal communication concept described in the book is that conflicts can be harmful if not treated properly. Interpersonal communication conflicts can produce adverse effects on the involved parties if no proper actions are taken for the resolution of conflicts. In personal relationships, conflicts can put a very negative impact on the strength of relationships. Therefore, interpersonal communication conflicts and personal r elationship conflicts need to be managed very carefully because if conflicts persist for a long time, they can be very dangerous for the relationships. In the movie, which was selected for review, Vinny puts his frustration out on his fiancee, Lisa, by taunting her. This attitude of Vinny upsets Lisa and she gets out of the courtroom. This situation makes Vinny alone and he feels that he has not shown a good behavior towards Lisa. Therefore, he gets out of the room for a while and makes Lisa come into the room to

Mental health issues and the impact of healthcare Research Paper

Mental health issues and the impact of healthcare - Research Paper Example The terrible experiences in their combat missions upset the psychological stability of individuals (Miliken et al 2007). As these people retire from their combat missions they struggle to relieve themselves from the horrific experiences of war. The memories of the horrors and the cruel experiences of war change the mind of the post-war personalities, making them psychologically weak and vulnerable to mental problems. The issue has been selected because mental health problems and increasing healthcare cost is becoming a big curse to the veteran population in Spokane, Washington/Spokane County and surrounding areas (How Trends in the Health Care System, 2008) (Sebastian and Bushy, 1999). . It has become quite unaffordable for these veterans to access the necessary healthcare assistance as healthcare costs are booming up without any control. State budget deficits and federal cuts result in reduction in Medicare and Medicaid programs. Essential medical services and medications are unaffo rdable for them. Veterans in the areas are devoid of proper health care coverage (Barlett et al. 2004). The number of people in the Spokane County and surrounding areas who are without insurance is increasing every year. The unfortunate veterans in these areas are unable to afford the health insurance programs offered for people. People have become increasingly vulnerable to chronic diseases (Sacia and Dobson, 2003). This ill-privileged group also has high mortality rate and negative health outcomes (Sacia and Dobson, 2003). The increasing mental healthcare problems suffered by the returning veterans and the lack of access to the healthcare facilities have pushed Spokane County and surrounding areas to grave healthcare catastrophe (Barlett et al. 2004). Healthcare service must be made more affordable to these negatively privileged people in the Spokane County and surrounding areas. As far as Spokane County and surrounding areas are concerned the need of the hour is nothing but a bet ter healthcare coverage for the returning veterans in the areas. The entire healthcare expense of these individuals must be cover by the healthcare system. Healthcare services offered by the healthcare system should be a boon to all people, especially the returning veterans of the society who are under various mental problems. A solution to the issue of Spokane veterans would be easily affordable healthcare facilities. The ‘single payer’ health care system can support the healthcare needs of Spokane people. Service of universal healthcare is a boon to all people of Spokane, especially the negatively privileged veterans in the society. It can effectively solve the healthcare issues of veterans. People with mental sickness should be given free (or affordable) health care services. Mental healthcare services must be provided at no or meager charge. The entire healthcare expense of mentally ill people must be covered by the healthcare system. They should not be allowed to b other about co-payments or deductibles. Healthcare services offered by the healthcare system should be a boon to all people, especially the mentally sick individuals. This typical example of the returning veterans in Spokane County explains the importance of social capital in extending the healthcare facilities to the weak sections of the community. Unless there is sufficient social capital

An environment analysis for Apple Inc

An environment analysis for Apple Inc Apple consists of significant resources and considerable potential in the business world. Even though it consists of such capabilities there occur various trends in the general environment that causes the threats which pull down the progress and success of the firm. These threats can be marginalised only with the help of appropriate planning and suitable action which concentrates more on the value added core competencies in the business. This may lead the company to produce valuable products and services leads to a mounting opportunity for the shareholders and customers. Economic Environment Booming Global Economy On revising the past years of global economy the world has attained the complete progress from recession in recent years. This uncertainty makes people looming of the money. This makes people to depart from the quality to less expensive products. The Apple known for its brand, quality, Innovative technology and luxury has mislaid due to its supreme pricing position paves the way for its competitors the producers of less expensive products. However the consumers attracted more towards the valuable Apples premium products during the economic upturn than its low pricing competitors. Chinese Economy: Recent growth in Chinese economy catches the attention of several companies to sell their products in china. Due to the growth of the Increasing economy proportionally there is also increase in the labour wages. This may results the buying power which makes people to draw more attention towards the Innovative products such as Apple i phone and i pad. Political Environment Potential world-wide climate regulation One among the serious threat to the potential environment is the global warming. Several steps have been implemented in reducing the global warming. The Copenhagen conference has been suggested norms to the companies for the low co2 emission products which may lead to strictly controlled environment. Thus in order to manufacture the less emission the Apple must transmits its products. Suppliers of the apple should have the provision to produce the low emission products or it has to switch to the other suppliers. This may lead to higher switching costs between the suppliers and bring changes to the margin of the products when the manufacturing costs getting higher. Import taxes and duties China poses superior government policies and low manufacturing costs in order to attract the more investors. These factors made Apple to manufacture its products in the various parts of the China. Even though Apple manufacturing lies in china the good market is positioned only in the countries like United States and the parts of Europe even though it has to offer more import duties. According to the current tax report produced by the Apple it pays around 32% of rate of tax in the year 2010. Socio cultural Environment Increasing desire for Wireless devices Apple plays at the front position of the wireless transition. As there is a remarkable increase in the value of the Internet and the wireless connectivity creates a powerful demand comparatively to the other devices. This is due to its portability and accessibility everywhere makes these rapid speed wireless technologies valuable. The devices such as the portable includes the Smart phones and the tablet computers wireless-connected devices allows its user to perform several operation by the use of internet in the constant and secured manner as wherever they go. As these devices is highly received by the people than the traditional computers such as PC or laptops. This technology has been developed widespread by Apple and its competitive manufacturers such as Google. This technology has been faced al lot of relevance as all these manufacturers focussed on the consumers preference. Among them the Apple differs by its Innovative technology according to the recent technological landscape . Apple spends its extensive investment in the field of research and innovative development for the creation of highly well-liked devices such as the iPhone and i-Pad. . Technological Environment The world has been going behind the analogue music system Apple made a revolution through its innovation of iPod. This made a impulsive progress in the revenue of the Apple. Due its consecutive pioneering researches resulted in the creation of iPhone. Even though the Apple is younger in the mobile phone industry comparing the Giants like Nokia, HTC and Blackberry it poses a radical technology. To withstands its market Apple has been spend 3.1 % of its net sales i.e. almost $ 1,333 million for the Research and Development (apple). The worlds ongoing mobile technology is landed in 3G manufacturing technology. But Apple is been ahead of them by launching its 4G due to the supremacy of the Apples RD. This makes the Apple withstand as a leader in its high innovation and portability. Competitive Environment Analysis Rivalry between Competitors Technological growth has put forth the electronic industry ahead as it leads to lot of manufacturers. Due the entry of electronic industry in everyday life the PCs, mobile phones and laptops has become a commodity product into the peoples life. Most users prefer the business cost than that of the performance of the devices. This may resulted in the various levels of provider strategies. The providers who provides at low price may not be able to satisfy the users with the best features. Whereas the providers such as Hp, Dell, Samsung and Sony Ericson offers the customers a wide range of options for the varying prices. Apple differs from those of the Providers as they provide a High Quality and High Cost products but without the diverse models. For example Apple consists of Single model iPhone varying only in its memory and its cost whereas the Samsung may vary its product options from the variable technology by varying its costs from 4Â £-400Â £. Supplier Power Suppliers are those who pose the entire control in manufacturing of computers as Apples Mac book or the mobile phones. Apple Suppliers also embark on the special responsibility for producing the best inputs which is the most challenging for its competitors. In the computer manufacturing industry Intel and Advanced Micro devices (AMD) are the two suppliers of the processors. Both of the chips have their own unified motherboard. They are incompatible with one another as they cannot be swapped with the other parts of the device. If Apple has to switch their processor it is also essential to modify their motherboards too resulting in high switching costs. This may results in high supplier power as the company has to rely on them. Buyer Power Almost all the industry consists of buyers who have high influence on thier manufacturers. Each buyer has their own choice of the product needs. This leads the company to launch the wide variety of products into the market. Thus power of the buyers has influences on the bargaining in the Quality, Price, and the Service. Apple exclusive products such as IMac and IBook are unique from its competitors in features of higly technological operation system, innovative functionality and brand value attracts the customers by avoiding them to switch to its competitors. Even though it has attracted the customers through its functionality there arose a chance to switch to its competitors if there is no product differentiation. Threat of new entrants Every business has own threat of new entrants. The field of Computer market have the highest possibility of new entrants. The portable pcs market is widespread effortlessly paves the way for the new entrants. Despite the possibilities it also consists of several hindrances from its successful entrants. Apple have been deep rooted in field of computers and mobile products by its substantial recognition, own innovative technology and royalty among the other manufacturers. It has been a high challenging to the entrants in order to make its brand successful and stable in the competitive market. Apple maintains their price of the products based on the economies of scale which is not possible by the new entrants without the huge investment. Even though it has the high possibilities of hindrances to entry it consists of some successful possibilities of entry which can be listed as follows. 1. There is a chance of suppliers to enter the field of manufacturing 2. A well established giants of some other field of computer can also deep routed in this field as they have a well established familiarisation in the market. Threat of substitutes Recent Development of the technology makes the computing products handy. As every features and functionality of the computers has been substitute by the tablet pcs or smart phones. Time has changed where the users rely on the stable pc but now it has been grown substantially the computers are back behind the users and posses wide variety of application than pcs by means of wireless internet technology. This occurs in the case of Apple as due to the entry of the Smart phones the buyers of Mac pc are apparently reduced. Thus these show the change for substitutes of the consumers. Considerably Apple has been analysed all these cases and introduced the iPhone and iPad to satisfy its consumers who are in search of substitutes to a new technology. Value added core competencies Value added core competencies of Apple includes its highly Innovative ideas, featured design, well known brand, and critical creativity as all these united to make the company a most competitive advantage among its competitors. Thus Apple has almost set all these strategies to the company in order to withstand its high position in the competitive market. Risks of the apple have been initiated with its supplier and foreign factories. Apple has its own guidelines for its suppliers in manufacturing its product they dont have the direct control of their suppliers. The suppliers derived their profits based on the high volume low margin. Thus in order to increase the profit the suppliers produces the goods by low quality raw materials. As a result of this the quality of the Apple products has been diminished. Thus in order to rectify these defects Apple have been undergone the mutual understanding of its suppliers to retain its quality Administration Eco- Friendly Apple Apple has always been intense on the environment factors in its manufacturing. Apple has been taken several steps to avoid the usage of harmful chemicals in manufacturing of its product. Shipment of the products plays a vital role in emitting combustion during its transportation. Thus in order to reduce the emission of Co2 Apple considers the portable packaging result in the less transportation and less combustion. Strong cash position Apple has less long term debits and run its business efficiently without the financial intervention by means of its own cash. The financial status of Apple helps its business to run efficiently as it may not depend on any of the creditors in terms of the decision making such as the financial capital purchases, decision on expansion. Human resource management Hiring process Apple recruits its employee by means of Selective hiring. It highly picks up the persons based on their innovative skills and high creative skills rather than by recruiting process. It focuses more on the well experienced professionals and innovative freshers rather by trainees. Employ benefits and appraisals Apple places a leading role in motivating its employees by means of high benefits and appraisals. It possesses a high role in the employee satisfaction. The benefitted employees provide full support and dedication to the company by means of their highly innovative ideas. Technological Development Research and Development Apple believes the research and development is one of the key factors of the success of its organisation. As it believes analysis on various factors determines the current requirement of the product have been pushed towards the new innovative product which paves a way for non competitive industry. It has been estimated that Apple spends around $1.3 million for its research and development. Procurement Relationship with suppliers Apple has maintained the good relationship with its suppliers. As it manufacturing its product based on the low cost and high quality. Despite it sets the high marginal cost for its product whereas in turn it spends its profit for the research and development. It also concurrently updates about its new technology to its suppliers by means of short courses and practical classes. Inbound Logistics Apple maintains a highly automated system for placing goods. The stock has been ordered to its suppliers in JIT process i.e. Just in Time when there is an reduction of the stocks it will be ordered automatically to its suppliers this may helps in avoiding the overstocks. Thus it hoard the cost spend for the stock management system. Operations Design of the product is been implemented by the Apple and hence it outsources its production to several factories in china by implementing its design. This may results in the reduction of risk factors as it is apart from its firm. Thus it modifies its management and Economy scale according to its outsourcing. Outbound Logistics Apple has its production department in china whereas the goods have been transferred to various countries from china rather than bringing to US the head office of the Apple. This may leads to the reduction of shipment cost and the warehousing cost. Marketing and Sales Apple uses the television advertisements as their marketing strategy by comparing its features and functionality of the product towards its competitive products. It also brings its own marketing strategy by means of the customer attraction towards the product. Apple discloses the new launch of the product which in turn acts as an indirect marketing which pulls the customers to know about its launched products. Service Apple genius is a person acts as a tech assistant in considering the consumers problem and rectify them. Apple provides a extended warranty to their customers within 90 days of product shipment also poses an opportunity of replacement within the given time. Limitations Recommendations Conclusions Value chain analysis Recommendation 1. licencing of MAC software to other PC makers 2. Increase entertainment diet so that the acceptance of the apple product more among the customers 3. increase retail presence in developing economies 4. increase customer service capabilities 1. even though apple spending ore rD nw it has design related antenna proble in iphone 4

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Transcendentalism Essay -- Biography Biographi

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Transcendentalism      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ralph Waldo Emerson believed in the potential within every individual to achieve a heightened state of being and awareness through a close observation of the world and an introspective look at himself. Infused in his work are the influences of transcendentalism and his life as a Unitarian pastor. James D. Hart, when discussing the spirit of transcendentalism, states, "Man may fulfill his divine potentialities either through a rapt mystical state, in which the divine is infused into the human, or through coming into contact with the truth, beauty, and goodness embodied in nature and originating in the Over-Soul. Thus occurs the doctrine of correspondence between the tangible world and the human mind, and the identity of moral and physical laws" (Hart 674). This concept is the embodiment of Emerson's sermons and essays, and any one of his works fulfills or inspires a divine potential.    "Self Reliance," published in 1841, is one of Emerson's most influential essays, and its title addresses a central concept of American Transcendentalism. The essay promotes self trust and independence of the individual, and this idea is expressed in the final lines, "Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of the principal" (Lauter 1638). The principal he refers to is a moral truth that can only be developed in one's own mind. As man lives in search of this truth, he achieves human divinity. "There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take... ... and divine because nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" (Lauter 1624).    Works Cited    Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Young Emerson Speaks. New York: Kennikat Press Inc., 1938.    Hart, James D., The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 6th ed. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1995.    Howe, Daniel Walker. The Unitarian Conscience. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1970.    Lauter, Paul, ed. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.    Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Self Reliance."Lauter 1622    Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Nature."Lauter 1582    Whitman, Walt. "Song of Myself."Lauter 2743    Wilbur, Earl Morse. A History of Unitarianism In Transylvania, England, and America. Boston: Beacon Press, 1945.

Why Do People Work

Why do people work? Think about the reading and your own knowledge of human nature. In his essay â€Å"Work and Labour† Igor Shchegolev referred to Daniel Yankelovich’s three conceptions of work (described in â€Å"The Work Ethic Is Underemployed†). â€Å"First, as labour, as a way to exist; second, as a way to improve one’s level of life; and third, as a moral necessity†, paraphrased Igor. These conceptions closely resonate with an ancient orthodox perception of three stages Christian might act in: stages of a slave, an employee, and a son towards his father. Although, at first glance, the question â€Å"Why do people work? may sound as a rhetorical one, there is possible to formulate three main motivations – on a base of both mentioned above theories. There are vital necessity, stimulus for reward, and nonmaterial reasons: moral duty or passion. The first motive does not leave people another choice. â€Å"One who is not working – i s not allowed to eat†, teaches an old Slavonic proverb, appealing to the vital necessity of work. Tireless Ant of Aesop's Fable â€Å"The Ant and the Grasshopper† sees no other ways for himself as the only hard work. There is the only way to survive. He has to. He does.The majority of people on earth follow him in the same way, let alone those struggling to make both ends meet all the time. Besides, in modern society where consumption is highly valued it happens that it is workers’ dependence on purchases what â€Å"determines how much work they do† (according to â€Å"Working too hard†, The Press). Regardless of the variety of necessities, those people alike the slaves who have no alternatives. Another reason why people work is to obtain benefits, which may vary from person to person. Generally, people in this group might focus on calculation any possible profit from work they do.There may be the steps of career or certain earnings, or tax rates. W hatever the motive, it aims to conform to employee’s expectations, so these interests are self-centred. Such workers tend to always think they contribute enough; therefore, to be rewarded is one of the privileges of theirs. Similarly, some Christians perform a definite behaviour in theirs life, waiting on the bounty. In this case they are alike the employees of kind the described group. People depicted in both paragraphs make all their efforts in order to achieve personal premium. They work to live.Finally, the last group of incentives to work represents the immaterial qualities that people possess. â€Å"Life is given to us for doing good deeds†, teaches us folk wisdom. For some of the people all of the time there is no question why to work; they are convinced – for the good of the commonwealth. A feeling of a moral duty inspires them. In the history of USSR there were great examples of altruistic work: people were eager to move into extremely remote places of the country in order to break new ground. They were full of endeavour and enthusiasm to secure the future of new generations.At the same time, there is a type of people who work because they are devoted to it – their passion. They may continue to work in their spare time as well, being absolutely satisfied. These people sacrifice their heart and soul. They live to work. To sum up, there is diversity of reasons that prompt people to work and it is entirely possible that they can be intermixed in each particular case. However, alike in an organism every part is vital, all kind of workers are essential in our society as well. There is for the purpose of bringing good balance into its existence.

Russian and Eastern Europe Essays

Russian and Eastern Europe Essays Russian and Eastern Europe Paper Russian and Eastern Europe Paper Essay Topic: Literature When Ivan IV took power, he named his vast territory Russia. Who is credited with creating the Russian Empire? Ivan IV The Byzantine influence can be seen in Kievs government because the legal code was created on the basis of Byzantine law. Moscow was given more power under Mongol rule because Moscow was loyal to the Mongols. The resurgence of Russia under Ivan IV began in the middle of the 1500s CE. What effect did the Mongol invasion have on Kiev? The invasion destroyed Kiev and power shifted to Moscow. Ivan III made an early contribution to the eventual resurgence of Russia by bringing in foreign architects to rebuild Moscow. What happened to Kiev when Yaroslav the Wise died in 1054 CE? Kiev was divided among Yaroslavs five sons. The most dramatic example of the influence of the Byzantine Empire occurred when Vladimir I forced all Russians to convert to Orthodox Christianity. After Ivan IV took power, how did he deal with the code of laws? He revised and updated the code of laws to make it more relevant.

Living Resources of the Ocean

Living Resources of the Ocean Introduction The ocean is among the most important natural resources bestowed upon mankind. It has extensive benefits to human life and it provides a wonderful ecosystem in which other organisms live. The following are some examples of the benefits that the ocean has on human life (2). The ocean is extensively used for transportation of bulky goods over long distances. It is also a very valuable source of a number of minerals and crude oil. Most of these minerals are found in deep sea.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Living Resources of the Ocean specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Examples of these oceanic minerals include cobalt, salt, iron, copper, manganese etc. The ocean is also a valuable recreation site for human beings. It provides a serene environment that acts as an attraction to people on holidays seeking relaxation. The ocean is also a source of organisms with useful medical value. It also regulates the leve l of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by taking atmospheric carbon dioxide and giving out oxygen. This is a very important input in the efforts towards reduction of the levels of global warming. Lastly, the ocean is a very important source of biodiversity (1). It provides organisms that have great value to human life. The most commendable among the benefits of marine life to human life are the fact that marine life can act as food and the fact that some oceanic organisms have medicinal value. Living resources of the ocean The marine habitat harbors a large percentage of the earth’s cumulative population of plants and animals. Over one million animal species and plant species have already been discovered and scientists have estimated that an extra nine million species are still living in the marine biome without human discovery. Garrison, Tom. Essentials of Oceanography. Wadsworth Publishing. Resenick, John. Marine Biology. Reston Publishing Company This means that, of all p lant and animal population living in the ocean we only know 10%. Thus if the scientists are right, there is a lot of plant and animal species in the oceans that could have more value than just medicines and food. Let us explore the marine animals that have already been discovered.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fish The ocean has been the leading source of fish for ages. Humans have used the ocean for a very long time as their source of fish for food. The fact that the ocean is full of a myriad species of fish is thus obvious. Specific examples of marine fish and their adaptations include the black swallower which is able to triple the size of its stomach in order to prey on other fish that are bigger that it is. Another example is the tripod fish which derives its name from its exceptionally long caudal and pelvic fins. Fish also have other adaptations for mari ne life. Virtually all fish have streamlined bodies for ease of locomotion (1). All fish have their blood pumped from the heart to the gills from where it is supplied to other body parts. Thus fish are, in this way adapted to survive in deep water by taking in oxygen from the water through their gills. Fish have also been able to survive in oceans due to the constant availability of their chief food: the planktons. These are small fish that are preyed upon by virtually every marine organism. Thus marine fish can never be starved. A discussion about the types of marine fish would be incomplete without the mention of sharks. Sharks are widely known for their huge bodies. They feed on other animals and thus they are carnivores. Their common diets include lobsters, crabs, bony fishes, worms and mollusks. The choice of what to eat is normally determined by the availability of the latter. Thus pelagic sharks normally feed on squid. Sharks will therefore eat dead fish at the ocean floor. G arrison, Tom. Essentials of Oceanography. Wadsworth Publishing. Tiger sharks are believed to be able to eat anything. Most sharks spend almost all their time swimming in order to allow respiration to freely take place. However, other sharks are normally found in ocean floors where they carry out their respiration normally (1). Marine Mammals Marine life is also composed of a number of mammals. Just like other marine life forms, mammals are adapted to cope with the harsh living conditions that are characteristic of marine life. For example, they normally have a thick layer of fat under their skins to help them insulate their bodies from excessive heat loss. This is because some regions of the experience extremely cold temperatures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Living Resources of the Ocean specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contrarily, sea otters, an example of ocean mammals, have dense fur instead of blubber that s erves the purpose of insulating them from the extremely cold temperatures of the ocean. These adaptations against heat loss are necessitated by the fact that marine mammals are similar to terrestrial mammals in terms of their warm bloodedness. They are thus forced to develop these adaptations in a bid to keep their temperatures above ocean temperatures. Other examples of marine mammals include seals, whales, sea cows, dugongs and manatees. Other adaptations of mammals to heat insulation include a large internal volume and reduced surface area. Their blood is also controlled to ensure that only a negligible amount comes close to cold water. They also have other adaptations to marine life apart from heat insulation mechanisms. Such adaptations include ability to expel air from lungs as they dive deep in the ocean (Garrison 1). This enables them to avoid excess intake of nitrogen. Garrison, Tom. Essentials of Oceanography. Wadsworth Publishing. They also have slower heartbeats, high am ount of hemoglobin in blood and strategic blood flow. Both fish and marine mammals have streamlined bodies but while marine mammals are capable of swimming both horizontally and vertically, most fish are only able to swim horizontally. This is due to difference in the adaptation of their tails. Mammals are horizontal while those of a majority of fish have horizontal orientation. Fish and most mammals have streamlined bodies which enhances their mobility in water. The few mammals which do not have streamlined bodies have other special adaptations that enable them to survive in the ocean. These special adaptations include camouflage or body armors that protect them from sea carnivores (1).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benthic life forms Benthic is a term used to describe the area of the ocean that lies below the pelagic zone. It is not the last zone in terms of depth but in spite of this fact, it is normally referred to as the sea bed. The deepest zone of the ocean is known as the abyssal zone. The benthic zone is characterized by extremely cold water since sunlight does not penetrate such depths. Organisms that live in the benthic zone are mainly fungi, bacteria, fish, worms and sponges. These benthic forms survive in the harsh conditions of this zone because they normally have adaptations for resisting cold temperatures and also because the benthic zone is rich in nutrients. Also evident among benthic life forms are sea stars which are normally carnivorous (1). Other marine life forms Other marine life forms include animals that have impenetrable shells that protect them from being preyed by other animals in the ocean. Garrison, Tom. Essentials of Oceanography. Wadsworth Publishing. An example of such animals is the chitons which live exclusively in the ocean. The feature that distinctively identifies them is the overlapping plates at the back of the animal . The plates are eight in number and they enhance the physical morphology of the animal for protection. Such organisms normally have underdeveloped organs for compatibility of their bodies with their shells (4). Their adaptations to marine life have made them thrive in this carnivorous environment for many years. This is in spite of the fact that they are preyed by sharks. Preservation of marine biome A lot needs to be done to reduce the rate of extinction of marine life. Human activities like fishing, industrialization (pollution), reconstruction, experimentation, transportation etc. have had a persistent negative effect on marine life. A considerably large number of fish die every year due to the pollution caused by the disposal of industrial effluents in to the ocean. In other areas people have overfished the oceans , catching juvenile fish and thus limiting the growth of fish population. Fishermen have also continually used wrong fishing methods that continue to be a threat to the growth of biodiversity (3). For example, some fishermen may utilize fishing methods which make them catch unwanted species of fish and thus contributing to the inability of certain species of fish to multiply. It is our responsibility to strive to conserve marine life. For instance, when planning reconstruction of intertidal oceanic zones, we should first of all analyze the effect that our projects are likely to have on marine life and carry out the necessary steps to reduce them. Berta, Annalisa. Marine Mammals. McMillan Publishing. Littler, Mark and Littler, Diane. â€Å"The Evolution of Thallus Form and Survival Strategies in Benthic Marine Microalgae For instance, before reconstruction, artificial waters could be made in the ocean shores to preserve corals and fish so that they can be protected from the effect s of the reconstruction process. Organizations should ensure that they practice Corporate Social Responsibility by contributing philanthropically to projects involving conservation of marine habitat. Governments should also ensure that regulations are laid down that support the fight against extinction of marine life forms (1). They should thus discourage industrial pollution by all means and ensure that other factors that negatively affect marine life are controlled. Conclusion Marine life was once thought to be so dynamic that it was under no threat of extinction. Contemporary research has shown that marine population is drastically reducing due to uncontrolled exploitation (1). The worrying bit is that the recovery rate of marine life after exploitation is very slow as compared to the growth rates before exploitation. Marine mammals are particularly endangered. This is because they must surface in order to breathe before going back underwater. This makes them easy targets for hum an capturing. With these worrying trends in the population of marine life, we are obliged to take preventive measures to ensure that our negative effects on marine life are minimized. We owe our future generations the responsibility of preserving biodiversity for them and thus we should do our best in ensuring that the best measures towards preserving biodiversity are implemented. Garrison, Tom. Essentials of Oceanography. Wadsworth Publishing. Berta, Annalisa. Marine Mammals. U.K. McMillan Publishing. Garrison, Tom. Essentials of Oceanography. U.S. Wadsworth Publishing. Littler, Mark and Littler, Diane. â€Å"The Evolution of Thallus Form and Survival Strategies in Benthic Marine Microalgae.† 1979. Web. Resenick, John. Marine Biology. Virginia. Reston Publishing Company. 1989. Print.